What is Prolapse & How do I Treat It?
A Common Pelvic Floor Disorder
Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) is when one or more pelvic organs begin to drop from their normal position, causing sensations of bulging, heaviness or pressure in the lower abdomen or genitals. This can occur because the pelvic organs (bladder, uterus, and rectum) are supported by a complex “hammock” of muscles, ligaments, and fibers that attach to the pelvis known as the pelvic floor. When the pelvic floor loses tone or strength, it cannot properly support these organs and they can descend into the vaginal or rectal openings. POP is more common than you might think, with more than 50% of women experiencing some degree of it in their lifetime.
Although POP is more common in older women, it can affect women of all ages. Common risk factors include childbirth, genetics, frequent constipation, obesity, or prior hysterectomy.
Fortunately, there are many treatment options that can greatly improve the symptoms of POP, and in many cases, eliminate them. They include pelvic floor physical therapy, the use of pessaries (a medical device used to provide structural support), hormone treatment, and surgical intervention if necessary. If not treated, POP can negatively influence physical activity, self-image and ultimately quality of life, so it’s important to get help from a pelvic health specialist if you are experiencing symptoms!
Symptoms of Prolapse
Symptoms of prolapse can vary with severity, but can include the following:
Constant feeling of heaviness in lower abdomen and genitals.
An increase in pressure after being on your feet for a prolonged period or after heavy physical exercise.
Feeling or seeing a “ball” or protrusion from the vagina.
Discomfort or numbness during sex.
Difficulty emptying bladder or bowel or leaking while sneezing or coughing.
Pelvic Floor PT and Prolapse
If you think you might have POP, a full pelvic floor physical exam is needed to determine the location of the pelvic floor weakness and what organs are affected. Pelvic floor PT can help normalize pelvic floor muscle tone and motor control, improve strength and support of the pelvic floor muscles, and ultimately alleviate POP symptoms.
Preventing POP
Of course, the best treatment for POP is prevention!
Keep your bowels moving, avoiding straining and pushing on the toilet. Use a squatty potty and eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
Maintain an optimal weight
During pregnancy, prepare your pelvic floor for birth with strengthening and stretching exercises.
During postpartum, avoid lifting objects heavier than your baby for the first month after delivery.
During menopause, an estrogen dip can contribute to prolapse, so take extra care of your pelvic floor.